Hello,
Thank you for your question. To get something like this working in Financials, I believe the parent account and all the different companies you sell to would need to be set up as Customers in Financials. Then on all the different companies' Customer Cards you would put the Parent Customer in the 'Customer' field under the Invoicing Fast Tab, this is essentially the "Bill To Customer":

This might be different than how your Accounts are setup in CRM though, so this may not be exactly what you are looking for, especially if you are synching Accounts/Customers, but this would be how you would set this scenario up in Financials.
Regarding Contacts, right now Contacts are synched from CRM into Financials, but the Primary Contact on the Customer Card is not updated, we have requested this be synched. In your scenario, I believe you would have to make sure that Contacts are associated to each Customer that they would sell to.
I hope this helps. If there is anything more that I can help clarify please let me know.
Regards,
Jennifer Reinhardt
Please see our Dynamics 365 Financials Support Team Blog for helpful information:
https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dyn365finsupport