Hi Adam,
Instead of increasing the size of the Item Description field, I would recommend creating a new field as an Extension to the Item table, or adding the "Description 2" field to the Item card, and on the sales transaction pages.
The Description 2 field is a standard field, but left off the pages by default. It's simple enough to add back, but requires some knowledge of how to use the Designer in Sandbox mode, download the change as an Extension, converting it to an .app file, and then uploading it to the production environment.
It's one of those things that takes minutes if you know how to do it, but it will seem cumbersome the first couples you try to do it. I would recommend asking your Business Central partner (if you have one) for help.
Here's a How-To video from Microsoft that touches on it, but it might not address a few loose ends: www.youtube.com/watch
I plan to make a video on this and a few other things when I have a chance over the coming weeks.
Also, I want to address why I discourage increasing the size of an existing field (to be honest, I can't remember off the top of my head if I can alter the size of an existing field in Business Central; we can in the on-prem edition, NAV): a field like Description flows to many different transaction tables in the system, and if you forget to update all of them, you will run into issues where a long description will cause a failure when the system tries to insert into a table. When that happens, the system won't auto truncate the extra characters (unless you also add code to handle that scenario), and instead, the transaction will cause an error and won't post. Unless you know the schema of the system well, I would steer clear of that.
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