RLS stands for Record Level Security, and it was used up until Axapta 2009. The setup was available in the Administration module. Here is an excerpt from the old AX 2009 security framework paper.
With AX 2009 gone, so is RLS.
Moving on, starting from AX 2012, Microsoft introduced XDS (Extensible Data Security) policies, which work based on AOT queries and offer more flexibility compared to RLS. However, XDS requires development work. You can apply advanced techniques such as enabling it for specific roles only, and using features like context strings to control security.
Basically both the RLS and XDS addresses the row-level security, but using different ways.
I believe at this point you don’t need to worry about what RLS was in Axapta (unless you’re working on an upgrade project from AX 2009 to Dynamics 365).
In the case of an upgrade project, you will need to convert RLS to XDS using the development (no automatic way)
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