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Small and medium business | Business Central, N...
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FIFO use in Manufacturing for finished goods/subassemblies

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BC seems to predominantly promote standard cost for manufacturing items as the costing method. This would seem proper where you have highly repetitive manufacturing processes that generate variances and you want to determine variances and inefficiencies in your processes. 
However in our case we make 15 to 20 large items per year and the items are not identical. They can be various different sizes but not identical. Therefore it would make more logical sense, I believe, that a costing method like FIFO might be utilised; however there can be some subcontractor elements in the processes during busy periods and because standard cost seems to be the predominant methodology used throughout Business Central, I am wanting to find out any potential problems of using FIFO in the production processes in manufacturing. We already have the purchase items utilising FIFO as the costing method. Now we are exploring whether we should have to produce items using FIFO as well. 
We are not particularly concerned about variance analysis and highlighting trends and inefficiencies when it might make more logical sense that a costing method like FIFO would be utilised concerning that only 15 to 20 products are made per year. 
 
Any concerns to be aware about using FIFO in the manufacturing process and also about using subcontractor processes when FIFO is in place? I presume WIP will be fine too as just the actual cost to date.
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  • Suggested answer
    AndrewThomas81 Profile Picture
    502 on at
    For low volume items have you considered specific costing?
     
  • Suggested answer
    Teagen Boll Profile Picture
    1,497 Super User 2026 Season 1 on at
    Hi,
     
    As Andrew mentioned, since you have very few large items you could look at making sure they are serialized and using specific costing. Otherwise using FIFO is entirely fine, just keep in mind that its very hard to switch costing methods once you set them.
     
    Some other considerations when selecting between FIFO and Specific Costing:
    • If you have multiple manufactured items being made at one time and you are at year end you could run into timing differences. Lets say you have 2 Sales Orders and 2 Production Orders. Both Production Orders are completed but 1 Sales Order is shipped in 2026 and another in 2027. If you didn't complete the production orders in the correct sequence then with FIFO your inventory and COGS balances will be misstated.
    • FIFO will be easier to use than specific costing for end users whereas Specific Costing has more "upkeep" as in you need to select a serial number during the sales order and production order process
    • You should also consider whether you will receive item returns from customers. You may want to have an "RMA" process where you identify serial numbers and specific units. In that case i'd lean towards specific costing.
    • Microsoft recommends using FIFO only when inventory costs are predictable and consistent and this tracks with most accounting standards such as ASPE where non-interchangeable items are tracked at specific cost.
     
    Best,
    Teagen
    Catapult ERP

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