Namaste ,
Please find the answers
Should VAT amounts be shown on the Purchase Order document (sent to vendors), or is it best practice to keep the PO amounts excluding VAT and only show VAT on the Purchase Invoice?
VAT configuration and to be shown to Vendors in PO or not this is pure Business Call or you can consult Auditor .
If I want to include VAT on the PO report, is it recommended to customize the standard PO layout, or is there a configuration option that I might be missing?
Standard Report do have VAT components as shown in below PO Report . Please find the below sample output

If you still dont see the VAT Components in PO report ,Below might be reasons
1) VAT is calculated in PO
2) VAt business posting group in Vendor card and flown into PO
3) VAt product posting group in Item or GL account and flow into PO lines
4)Check VAT Posting Setup in place
In Report Layouts , You can see the RDLC layout . As per this Layout already covers VAT components.
If you still feel the output is not coming in layout change the rdlc file as per your need . Replace Layout.
If you feel i have answered , Please verify the answer
Regards
Pallavi Phade