First of all, look at this site's documentation, namely Understanding badges. Then notice that if you go to Achievements and highlight a badge, you'll get a tool tip, which gives you either the achievement date or what you need to get. For example: 1K likes received: 200 more to go. (meaning that to get the 1K likes received badge, I need 200 more likes, i.e. I currently have 800).
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