Hi LMP,
You could try window.opener.Xrm.Page.
Below is my full web resource code:
<div>
<select id="list">
<option value="1">Accounting</option>
<option value="2">Agriculture and Non-petrol Natural Resource Extraction</option>
<option value="3">Broadcasting Printing and Publishing</option>
<option value="4">Brokers</option>
<option value="5">Building Supply Retail</option>
</select>
</div>
<div>
<button onclick="test()">Set optionset value</button>
</div>
<script>
function test() {
debugger;
document.getElementById("list");
var val = list.value;
setParentPageField(val);
}
function setParentPageField(val) {
window.opener.Xrm.Page.getAttribute("industrycode").setValue(parseInt(val));
console.log('ok');
}
</script>
Result:

However, the open web resource function on Ribbon button should be replaced with unsupported native JavaScript window.open instead of Xrm.Navigation.openWebResource,
var url = Xrm.Page.context.getClientUrl();
var resourceName = 'new_plain';
var resourcePath = url + '//WebResources/' + resourceName;
window.open(resourcePath, '_blank', 'width=600,height=400,top=200');
I'm not familiar about how CRM's open window function works in UCI, this supported function only works in Web client from my test;
while in UCI, the most significant thing is that the popup won't be center aligned, and the popup couldn't find its parent in window.opener via the supported function.
So currently the solution would be working with unsupported native window.opener,
and I have found no difference between this and openWebResource,
we might need further investigation for CRM source JavaScript code if you would insist on supported way.
Hope it helps.
Best Regards,
Leo