Hello Alexander,
As there is no documentation about the time taken for a Sandbox org to get re-provisioned again as your sandbox entitlement will not get affected after deleting the instance. It should show up as an instance without any name with the state Instance to configure. Check with the MS Technical Support team, as there are high chances that the org is not getting provisioned from the back end. They can help you to fix this.
You can Contact MS Dynamics Technical Support by Phone by Selecting the appropriate Contact Nos based on your region : mbs.microsoft.com/.../Support_Telephone
Also you can reach Technical Support By creating a New Support Request by following the below mentioned Steps:
Login to https://portal.office.com
Go To Admin Center
Under Support Click on New Service Request
Select Dynamics 365
Under Identify the Issue Select Relevant "Feature" and "Symptom"
Enter Issue Summary and Provide Issue Details
Click Next -> Yes, Continue
Is your Service Unavailable
How Many Users Afftected
Enter an email address of someone affected by this issue: (I would Suggest email address of Admin User who is available to troubleshoot depending on the timezone from where the Service Request is created)
Click Next -> Provide the Contact Number.
According to the Cloud Solution Provider Frequently Asked Questions Document, the
Initial response times (IRT) depend on the severity of the incident submitted. The severity of
an issue is set by indicating business impact when you submit the SR.
Initial response for technical break/fix incidents, defined by Business Impact:
• Critical Impact (Sev A): 2 hours
Significant loss or degradation of services. Production services down
• Moderate Impact (Sev B): 4 hour
Moderate loss of degradation. Production services partially impacted
• Minimal Impact (Sev C): 8 hour
Thanks,