Hi CRMKen,
Where did you add javascript code?
Did you add the code in Web Page > Advanced > Custom Javascript section directly?(1)

And you said that you JS could execute in other Web Steps, so did you add code in Web Form Step > Form Options > Custom Javascript?

You may notice red circle 2 in my first screenshot, that's Localized Contents,
when I opened the localized content web page record, it seems that it's still same form, but actually the form has changed from "Information" to "Content Page",
and sections of Custom Javascript and Custom CSS are blank, so there would be a separate setting to add custom code/CSS for web page.

Advanced tab has become the second tab:

After I applied code to "Custom Javascript" section and custom css rules to "Custom CSS section" in Content Page form of Web Page,
both validation code and custom CSS work.

I remember I once met a user who had a similar issue to you, and the answer in that thread is to add code in localized content record of web page.
In addition, before giving a try, I suggest you could refresh Portal cache by clicking Browse website button in make.powerapps.com to exclude impact of cache.

Regards,
Clofly