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Production Order Costing - Direct/Indirect Labor Overhead

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Posted on by 10

My company is implementing Dynamics as we speak, Moving from a homegrown manual production system hybrid (manual monthly inventory) to bigger and better. 

As we set up the direct/indirect Overhead/Labor applied rates to production orders, we understand the need to apply labor and overhead to production jobs as they move through WIP. However, what i struggle with is what that means from an accounting standpoint.

Obviously we have our actual overhead and payroll costs going through the GL each month through regular bills/payroll. So I'm confused on how this looks from an overall GL perspective.

Simple Example... we run a production order and put $100k into WIP via 50/50 indirect/direct Labor and MFG Overhead, and move NO other inventory to a sale that month and have no other activities. WE already have $100k in our P&L from actual costs from bills/payroll. 

So, our GL before production order/WIP is Dr. $50k Utilities/Insurance/etc. and Dr. $50k Wages/Benefits expense. 

Does the movement of this item in WIP then post a Cr. $50k Utilities/Insurance/etc. and Cr. $50k Wages/Benefits expense, leaving us with $100k in WIP and $0 in expense for the month? If so, then that reverses when actually sold and we technically have no expenses until that item is sold from FG Inv?

  • Sean T. Profile Picture
    Sean T. 10 on at
    RE: Production Order Costing - Direct/Indirect Labor Overhead

    That makes sense. We're just struggling with a change in prior method of estimating L/OH manually at month end and journaling through Material costs. In current world, we have same labor/OH each month and fluctuation of L/OH applied goes through material. New world will be offsetting L/OH as jobs are run and then running through COGS (presumably still material cost) after selling inventory.

  • Robert Jolliffe Profile Picture
    Robert Jolliffe 859 on at
    RE: Production Order Costing - Direct/Indirect Labor Overhead

    This isn't my main area of focus - but what you described is pretty close.  

    In your posting group you'll have an absorption account (someone else can tell you the specific field name in the specific place in posting groups)

    Let's pretend that Direct labor is $48K and Utilities and the like is $53K (actuals) and you collected you 50K + 50K in WIP for $100K of WIP.

    You might see this:

    Account Name Debits Credits Notes
    WIP $100K Labor and Overhead collected in WIP
    Labor Absorption  $50K WIP labor reported
    Overhead Absorption $50K WIP OH calculated
    AP $53K
    Accrued Payroll $48K
    Payroll Expense $48K
    Overhead Expense $53K

    So in my simple example, you've under-absorbed  $1K of expenses.  I think the usual way to do this is an expense account "adjacent" to the real expenses to quickly calculate the delta - and then you generally want to figure out why they don't match. Overhead will never match since it's just an estimate anyway.  Payroll will rarely match unless you actually make payments based on time collected, AND put in ACTUAL pay rates in employee data - which has many dangers and I do not recommend. Capturing things like OT and PTO in the system can be hard - I would not try too hard to do it as overhead is always going to be wrong by enough that it really is just an abstracted cost anyway.  Focus on getting it "close enough" 

    Later you'll Cr. WIP and Dr. FG Inventory when you receive FG in Output Journal entries and then eventually Cr. FG Inventory and Dr. COGS when you sell the items.

    Hope that makes sense (and that I'm right - someone with more of an accounting background will explain what I did wrong).

    -Rob

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