Hello,
This could be related to a specific role center. Could you please try with another role center? I have not yet seen this before. What does happen if you try to click (if possible) on the icon that is in bad shape? Does it do what it is supposed to do?
Are there any warnings / errors in the application event log file (assuming this is an OnPrem environment and that the upgrade was done by yourself). If this is an environment upgraded by Microsoft, then do make it our problem and create a support ticket.
Meanwhile I did ask around and in SaaS we saw something related to missing icons after upgrade (not completely similar to what you showed via screenshot) but this did only happen with guest users and / or delegated admins. Not sure if this does apply here.
Thanks.