After frantically googling anything I could find to solve an issue. I wanted to provide what I found out as well as maybe inquire as to why this is happening.
I am using the new Qualifly Lead experience that came out in the Oct 2019 update. I did find that when I used an existing Account and Contact and tried to qualify a Lead I got a BPF Error the error was "A record was not created or updated because a duplicate of the current record already exists." I thought this was strange but I narrowed it down to the duplicate detection rules. Specifically, a rule that related to Account and Identifies a duplicate based on Account name (looking for an exact match). This was what was generating the error in my case.
I am honestly not sure why this is happing but I wanted to potentially help someone out who was struggling to find out why I kept getting this error. If anyone has any insight into this let me know, it is possible my duplicate detection rules are too strict.