Hello Laterrius Johnson,
There're many possible reasons for facing this exception message.
I could share this know issue post from Microsoft for your reference: “Something went wrong during sign-in…” when accessing the Microsoft Dynamics 365 App for Outlook
Make sure the URLs used by Dynamics 365 and also your authentication URLs are using the same integrity level. Use one of the following resolutions:
Option 1 - Add each of the Dynamics 365 URLs and your authentication URLs to the same security zone in Internet Explorer.
In Internet Explorer, click Tools, and then click Internet Options.
Click the Security tab, click the Trusted Sites zone, and then click Sites.
In Add this website to the zone, type the following URLs one at a time:
*.dynamics.com
*.microsoftonline.com
https://login.windows.net
Important: If you use federated authentication to access Dynamics 365 using your corporate credentials, you also need to add the authentication URLs used by your company. For example: If your company uses Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) with an authentication URL of https://adfs.contoso.com/..., add this URL to the same zone or make sure both zones have the same Protected Mode setting.
Click Add, click Close, and then click OK.
Click OK to close the Internet Options dialog box.
Option 2 - Enable Protected Mode on each Internet Explorer security zone
By enabling Protected Mode on each Internet Explorer security zone, each URL will load in the same integrity level.
In Internet Explorer, click Tools, and then click Internet Options.
Click the Security tab.
Select each of the zones (Internet, Local Intranet, and Trusted sites).
While selecting each zone, verify the Enable Protected Mode checkbox is selected.
Click OK to close the Internet Options dialog box.
Reference Linkd: support.microsoft.com/.../something-went-wrong-during-sign-in-error-using-dynamics-365-app-for-o
If you still met this issue after provided solution. Would you raise a Service Request ticket in Admin Center with your tenant info and activity id in above shortcut to help you narrow down?
Kind Regards
Johnny Gong