We more frequently see this type of error outside of Integration Manager and more so with third party products.
If your integration is using Standard adapter, not eConnect, try running the integration against a Dynamics GP instance with no third party products or customizations installed.
You can use these steps to get a 'clean' GP directory to run against:
1. Have all users log out of Dynamics GP on the machine you're running IM on, then rename the GP directory from something like C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Dynamics\GP\ to C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Dynamics\GP_OLD\.
2. From there, in Control Panel > Programs and Features, right-click on Dynamics GP, choose 'Change' and then select the 'Repair' option when prompted with the options window. Verify the Repair process runs successfully. Its run successfully
Repair will re-create the entire GP directory under the original name, minus modified forms/reports dictionary files, third party products, customizations, etc.
3. In this 'new' Dynamics GP directory, setup a dexsql.log to run via the Dex.ini file and save changes.
4. Login to Dynamics GP through this 'new' GP directory as 'sa' preferably then run the integration re-creating this error message.
Another option if using a standard adapter integration is to turn on the settings in the Microsoft.Dynamics.GP.IntegrationManager.ini file that will "show dynamics" while it's integrating...
ShowDynamics=TRUE
DoUIRedraw=TRUE
This will show you the GP windows as the integration is going through, which can help if there's a modified or third-party version of the window, along with the dexsql.log.
We see this also if the window or transaction prompts the user with any type of dialog box where they have to click OK to continue the processing. By default, Integration Manager nor eConnect know how to handle the dialog boxes, thus will cause error messages such as this.
I'd start with the above and see what that shows if anything.
Thanks