Hi Ramesh,
What is the AX version? prior to CU12?
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Check this KB:
KB 3192079 Process status messages is throwing timeout errors
Product and version: AX 2012 R3
Release: CU12
Fix type: Hybrid update
Released Date: 10/20/2016
PROBLEM
Process status messages is throwing timeout errors.
DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE
Allow 'Timeout" configuration for metadata sync in Retail scheduler parameters form
Add more indexes to HQMessageDB
Improve HQMessageDB stored proc performance
Ship an upgrade script for HQMessageDB
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With this KB installed, you can set the timeout time.
Retail > Setup > Parameters > Retail Scheduler Parameters > General > Metadata sync SQL Timeout in seconds (Figure 1)

Figure 1
Other alternatives you can explore to try to solve the problem:
1. Check for missing index in Async Server Mesage database.
2. Delete old upload sessions (posted transactions)
3. Always run the process in batch. Recursively (Decreasing the row of records to update).
In most cases, options 1, 2 and 3 solve this problem. If you have a many number of records, stores and downlods sessions, verify the option 4.
4. Modify Class > RetailCDXMonDataSync, Method > Run,
add property > cmd.set_CommandTimeout([NewTimeout]);
in object (cmd = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand)
(30 seconds is default value in System.Data.SqlClient) (Attention, it is exactly change that the KB modifies. Preferably, install KB. If you do not have the viability of time to upgrade the KB, customization can be an alternative)
I Hope this Helps!
Regards,
Rodolfo Recalde.