I have seen these Minor (and Major) Updates include new Permissions, that in some cases block Users from accessing Business Central. This happens in the case where the Customer is using User Defined Permissions. Base SYSTEM Permissions will always get updated during an update in Business Central Online. User Defined Permissions will never get updated during an update. While it is preferable to use only SYSTEM Permission Sets, this is not always possible due to our customers complex business requirements.
These are the new Objects coming out in the August 2023 Minor Update, Application Version 22.4.59114.59220: