If you synchronize, you typically want to do those steps from all GP code folders from the Dex.ini.
In GP, under Microsoft Dynamics GP >> Print setup, is the 'Microsoft Print to PDF' selected as the default printer? Perhaps that is why it works when you print to PDF first.
Typically if one printer works and others don't, it points to the printer drivers. Make sure all the print drivers are up to date. If you can test with a local printer, select it under Microsoft Dynamics GP>> Print setup as the default printer, and then see if it prints correctly to that printer.
I think first, though, I'd synchronize the dynamics.dic and recreate the forms and reports dictionaries, and then test to see if it works. If it still doesn't, then start looking at printer drivers.
Hope that helps,
Cheryl
Dynamics GP Support