Hello,
Regarding fields with the same name but on different entities, this is possible, and the fields will not be related with each other. Can you provide more details about the field that appears on other entities, so that I can suggest a way to synchronize them ?
For the second point, there is a type of field in Dynamics 365 called a calculated field, that you can use.
docs.microsoft.com/.../define-calculated-fields
There is also the alternative of using JavaScript to make the calculations and set the field value.
For the last option, about setting a field value, once another field is changed, you can have a JavaScript on the OnChange event of the status field, that will set the value of the other fields. This can also be done via Business Rules or Workflows.
docs.microsoft.com/.../attribute-onchange