One more thing: there can be custom code even if no devs worked in the system.
Before the very first build, the system takes a backup of AOSService/PackagesLocalDirectory. At this point it doesn't contain any customizations.
During the build, the system downloads your customizations from source control and compiles them. Now you have customizations in AOSService/PackagesLocalDirectory.
On the next build, the system restores the backup that was taken before the first build (in order to start from clean slate before downloading latest code from source control). But if you deleted the backup, the system will now back up the current state of AOSService/PackagesLocalDirectory, which contains your customizations!
So, the simples solution is to deploy a new build VM. Other option is to clean up your customizations from AOSService/PackagesLocalDirectory, and delete the backup of that folder one more time.