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Microsoft Dynamics AX (Archived)

Cost of Goods Sold Calculation

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Posted on by 150

Hi Experts, Can you help me in COGS calculation.

In accounting system, COGS Either the direct RM consumption entries or based on the formula Op Stock +Purchase – Closing Stock.

When I check COGS in AX in ledger balance for the period, its showing very less than the actual cost.

Please let me know which steps I need to follow to calculate Cost of Goods Sold.

Regards,

Nisheet

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  • Ludwig Reinhard Profile Picture
    Microsoft Employee on at

    Hi Nisheet,

    You have to provide us a lot of additional information to help you answering your question.

    First of all can you let us know how you calculated the difference in your Cogs exactly?

    Can you also let us know what is included in your Cogs? That is, the different cost elements that you included?

    Then we would need to know the inventory valuation principle that you use (Lifo, Fifo...)

    Next, can you let us know whether you make use of the nature of expense accounting method and at which point in time you record your Cogs?

    Many thanks

    Ludwig

  • Nisheet Profile Picture
    150 on at

    Hi,

    Actually for calculation of COGS only for RM (RM consumption), I am cross checking the balance of  Cost of Goods Sold and Cost of Variance ledgers.

    We are using FIFO method for Raw material and std. cost for WIP and Finished Goods.

    As per my knowledge COGS in ax is as follows

    a.       COGS Account is debited with the standard cost of the FG item on sale.

    b.      The Cost variance A/c is credited/debited with the cost variance difference  on posting of BOM Journal.

    I am checking it for the period of Apr 2016.

    Kindly correct I am wrong and let me know steps. to calculate cogs from AX so that it can match with actual COGS.

    Nisheet

  • Suggested answer
    Ludwig Reinhard Profile Picture
    Microsoft Employee on at

    Hi Nisheet,

    You are right that the cogs is automatically posted with the sale of the finished goods.

    So, you should include in your calculation only your finished product accounts used.

    As you probably don't purchase the finished products you sell, you need to make separate cogs calculations for your raw materials and your wip that are incorporated into your finished product costs.

    I would assume that you might have overlooked some costs related to your labor/machine related costs.

    Those costs might be incorporated into your wip but I have seen companies settings this up in many different ways that an analysis of your wip account might not be sufficient.

    Also check whether you have some subcontracting costs and how they are incorporated into your production costs.

    Best regards

    Ludwig

  • Suggested answer
    guk1964 Profile Picture
    10,888 on at

    As Ludwig says there is not enough information to guide you.

    What version of Ax? Is the month end close for inventory completed? 

    What inventory model group settings? Are there unposted or back dated transactions, is invoicing completed? etc.

    You mention FIFO  but you also mention standard cost and variances which are related to standard cost which is a wholly different costing principle. Updated FIFO values go into stock value not into variance accounts.

  • Suggested answer
    guk1964 Profile Picture
    10,888 on at

    If you are using standard cost then that should be your COGS  if there is any error in raw material or bom set up then it will be consistent for the BOM and the production bom.

    Is the COGS reported cost different from the calculated standard?

    When was the BOM last cost roll updated and how does that date reflect to the date on which the sales order was quoted/processed or the Production order released.  I.e. were there any BOM updates in between selling and making  to reflect BOM component or quantity changes or raw material cost changes?

    i.e.

    what leads you to believe the cogs is wrong?

  • Nisheet Profile Picture
    150 on at

    I have already run inventory calculation for the said period. Closing we have not done yet.

    As mentioned ,we are using inventory model group as follows

    1. FIFO method for Raw material and

    2. std. cost for WIP and Finished Goods.

  • Suggested answer
    guk1964 Profile Picture
    10,888 on at

    For standard cost your cogs should equal the standard cost

    Actual costs may be different, and should go to variance as a below the line margin gap, and not be added back to cogs. Your standard will typically be a little higher than expected cost at the start of the year and a  little lower at the end of the year - and the plus and minus variances should set off against each other- it will not be perfect when the variances are one sided,  then its time to revise your standard.

    The point of standard is to treat sales and production as separate - sales know the cogs in advance and can quote with confidence without the changes in month end margin shocks they may get with other methods. They don't benefit from favourable runs and they don't get penalised with unfavourable runs. Production need to account for variances, but those are outside of cogs, which are based on a standard which expects some variances.

    Your will get variances for many reasons e.g changing order sizes.  Changes in raw material prices are not really production's concern - that is for purchasing to manage.  Production are concerned about using the right material in the right quantity. If you uwe FIFO for materials then you will always get variances because your component costs are changing, but you are not always cost rolling the BOM.

    You have to consider variance between the Production order Estimate and the actual, as being in production's hands, but the variance between production actual raw material costs and the standard BOM cost to be passed to inventory is outside their control and is more down to purchasing.

    A combination of Fifo and Standard does not make too much sense.

    FIFO reflects actual costs,  typically for items with  rapidly changing prices. Whereas standard by definition assumes stable costs or it does not make any sense to have a standard.

    If the variance from standard is small, as it should be, then its not a material difference and is covered by the GP margin. If its large, then use another method.  You will get the odd bad purchase or bad production run and the odd high volume favourable purchase and  long run with favorable costs. A standard only makes sense for a standard quantity. Variances help you understand those one-offs. Variances are not a problem, but an analysis tool.

    If your philosophy for inventory valuation is standard, then that should also be the philosophy for cogs.

    Your raw materials should either be standard or weighted average ( under ifrs they should be within 3% of each other- both expect relatively stable costs. The difference is more about whether sales and operations should be managed separately or whether  gains and losses are passed on above the line Standard is effectively an expected mean average.).

  • Suggested answer
    D365FSP Profile Picture
    10 on at

    @ludwig, do you know a way to leverage the cost control parameter inventory control to be able to breakdown COGs by cost center on the general ledger for invoiced sales  orders?

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