If you want to execute filter, please use filter function inside patch. Your original post doesn't show usage of filter function.
For example, you want to modify a record in a data source, named IceCream, that contains the data in the below table

Patch( IceCream, Filter( IceCream, Flavor = "Chocolate" ) , { Quantity: 400 } )
So, your patch should be as follows:
Patch('Bookable Resource Booking', Filter('Bookable Resource Booking', 'Booking Status'.'Field Service Status'= 'Booking System Status'.Scheduled), {'Booking Status'.'Field Service Status' = 'Booking System Status'.Completed})
The above is just a sample, although you should filter the actual booking using an ID / Work Order Reference.