Hi Devon, I actually made this change recently. This isn't quite the answer, but I found it easier to just add the following to the portal's theme.css. Not ideal if you don't want the change to be global, but I didn't need it to be too specific since I am not using that class anywhere else at the moment.
.badge-important {
background-color: #000000 !important;
}
That said, as for your jQuery attempt failing, it feels like the calendar loads after the document is ready. My custom javascript in general will start like this:
if (window.jQuery) {
(function($) {
$(document).ready(function() {
mainProcess();
});
}(window.jQuery));
}
However, if mainProcess() needs to manipulate the calendar, it doesn't work unless you run it after some delay. Someone smarter than me with jQuery and javascript could probably offer some better insight.